Pinyin Transcription
Today, the People's Republic of China uses the transscription system Pinyin «÷µ "Arranged Sounds", a system more coherent in reflecting consonants than the Wade/Giles system, introducing letters of the Roman alphabet that are used for very different sounds in European languages: "h" reflects a sound more similar to the guttural [x], "j" is [dj], "q" is [tç], "x" is [ç]. The vowel-rare sounds are "zh" for [d], "ch" for [t], "sh" is like [] in English, but a little bit more guttural, "r" is the French "j" with an inheriting English "r" [], "z" for [dz], "c" for [ts], and "s" just for [s]. Lexically very useful, this consonantial system is destroyed by a horrible, that means unlogical system for the vowels. [y] is sometimes written "u" like in "qu" for [tçy] or "xuan" for [çyn], sometimes written "ü" like "nü" for [ny] or "lüe" for [ly]. [] is sometimes written "e" like in "lüe" for [ly], sometimes written "a" like "xuan" for [çyn]. [o] is sometimes written "o" like "bo" for [bo], sometimes written "uo" like "luo" for [lo]. [u] is sometimes written "u" like "lu" for [lu], sometimes written "o" like "gong" for [gu]. The letter "a" sometimes stands for [a] like "xia" for [çja], sometimes for [] like "xian" for [çjn]. Redundant are the letters "y" like "yi" for [i], while it is used for [j] in "yao" for [ja], and "w" like "wu" for [u], while it is used for [] in "wo" for [o]. It can be argued that the syllables "gong" and "xuan" are pronunciations of the south: [go] and [çyan].
Tones pitches are markes by accents: an upper dash for the rising tone, a raising accent for the raising tone, an upside down circumflex for the low rising tone, and a falling accent for the falling pitch (b, bá, b, bà). But the Pinyin system claims to be the correct pronunciation of the capital Beijing. In that sense, it should be more coherent to the northern pronunciation. Nevertheless, the Pinyin system should be accepted as an official transscription of Chinese words that becomes more and more common outside of China.
The table below gives an overview over the pinyin transscription of the Chinese sounds, the brackets include the pronunciation according to the international sound transscription, after the brackets pinyin transscription.
[b] b [d] d [g] g [dj] j [d] zh [dz] z
[p] p [t] t [k] k [tç] q [t] ch [ts] c
[m] m [n] n [x, h] h [ç] x [] ch [s] s
[f] f [l] l [] r
The vowel-less syllables [d][t][][],[dz][ts][s] are written zhi, chi, shi, ri, zi, ci, si. The simple vowels [i][u][y] are written yi, wu, yu. The syllables of two-syllable words are written as one word: "Zhongguo".
[a]
a [o]
o [ə]
e [ε]
ê [ai]
ai [ei]
ei [aω]
ao [ou]
ou [an]
an [ən]
en [aŋ]
ang [əŋ]
eng [uŋ]
ong, eng [ər]
er
[-i]
i [-ja]
ia [-jε]
ie [-jaω]
iao [-jou]
iu [-jεn]
ian [-in]
in [-iaŋ]
iang [-iŋ]
ing [-juŋ]
iong
[-u]
u [-ωa]
ua [-ωo]
uo [-ωai]
uai [-ωei]
ui [-ωan]
uan [-n]
un [-ωaŋ]
uang [-ωəŋ]
eng
[-y]
ü [-yε]
ue [-yεn]
uan [-yn]
un
[Last Modified By Admin, at 2006-01-05 09:04:25]
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